هناك اربعة درجات او حالات لـ'If'
uالحالة الاولى و تعبر عن الامكانية:
If → مضارع بسيط → will / shall + Inf.
Ex: If he plays well, he will win the match.
If you smile, you will win a friend.
vالحالة الثانية و تعبر عن غير المحتمل:
If → ماضى بسيط → would / should + Inf.
Ex: If he had time, he would help me.
If you studied, you would succeed.
wالحالة الثالثة و تعبر عن الاستحالة:
If → ماضى تام → would have / should have + P.p.
Ex: If you had studied, you would have succeeded.
If he had had enough money, he would have travelled abroad.
t الحالة الصفرية و تعبر عن الدوام و تشير الى الحقائق الدائمة:
If → مضارع بسيط → مضارع بسيط
Ex: If you heat a metal, it expands.
If you press the button, the machine works.
Will / Shall + Inf. If مضارع بسيط
Would / Should + Inf. If ماضى بسيط
Would have / should have + P.p. If ماضى تام
مضارع بسيط If مضارع بسيط
# ملاحظات:
ë اذا اردنا عمل جملة تامة و كان فى الجملة صفة نستخدم:- الصفة +V.To.Be + الفاعل
Ex: A good girl. → The girl is good.
ë يمكن استخدام (can / may / shall) بدلا من (will)
Ex: If it is fine we can go for a swim.
ë اذا جاء فى بداية الجملة (were / had / should) تعتبر مساوية لـ (If)
Ex: Were I in your place I would study well.
ë اذا طلب استخدام 'were' فى بداية الجملة و كان فى الجملة فعل اساسى نجعله فى المصدر مسبوقا بكلمة 'to' للحفاظ على المعنى.
Ex: If he had a lot of money he could travel abroad. (Begin with: Were ...)
→ Were he to have a lot of money he could travel abroad.
ë اذا جاءت If تربط بين جملتين فى الماضى البسيط نرفع الزمن فنستخدم الحالة الثالثة لـ If مع جعل الاثبات نفى و النفى اثبات :
Ex: Samy didn't receive his friend at the airport because he was ill. (Use: If)
→ If Samy had not been ill, he would have received his friend at the airport.
ë اذا جاءت If تربط بين جملتين فى المضارع البسيط نرفع الزمن فنستخدم الحالة الثانية لـIf مع جعل الاثبات نفى و النفى اثبات و اذا جاء فى الجملة اسم نبدأ به الجملة ما عدا الحقائق تظل فى زمن المضارع بدون تغيير:
Ex: Sara writes a bad letter. She got low marks.
→ If Sara didn't write a bad letter she would not get low marks.
ä كلمة 'Unless' مساوية لـ 'If not' بمعنى اذا لم و نطبق نفس قاعدة 'If'.
Will / Shall + Inf. Unless مضارع بسيط
Would / Should + Inf. Unless ماضى بسيط
Would have / should have + P.p. Unless ماضى تام
مضارع بسيط Unless مضارع بسيط
Ex: Unless he plays well, he will lose the match.
Unless he helped me, I would be angry.
& Exercise:-
@ Do as shown in the brackets:-
1- If he won the match he would have a prize. (Use: unless)
2- Without blood banks, many wounded persons would die. (Use: if)
3- If he answered this question, he would succeed. (Use: unless)
4- He is careless. He makes accident. (Join with: if)
5- He is ill. He goes to school. (Join with: unless)
