IF



هناك اربعة درجات او حالات لـ'If'  

 uالحالة الاولى و تعبر عن الامكانية:
If                          مضارع بسيط                         will / shall + Inf.

Ex: If he plays well, he will win the match.
      If you smile, you will win a friend.
 vالحالة الثانية و تعبر عن غير المحتمل:
If                         ماضى بسيط                                         would / should + Inf.

Ex: If he had time, he would help me.
      If you studied, you would succeed.
 wالحالة الثالثة و تعبر عن الاستحالة:
If                         ماضى تام                                            would have / should have + P.p.

Ex: If you had studied, you would have succeeded.
      If he had had enough money, he would have travelled abroad.
t الحالة الصفرية و تعبر عن الدوام و تشير الى الحقائق الدائمة:
If                        مضارع بسيط                              مضارع بسيط

Ex: If you heat a metal, it expands.
      If you press the button, the machine works.

Will / Shall + Inf.                                                 If                 مضارع بسيط
Would / Should + Inf.                                         If                 ماضى بسيط
Would have / should have + P.p.                      If                 ماضى تام
                                                  مضارع بسيط          If                 مضارع بسيط

# ملاحظات:
ë اذا اردنا عمل جملة تامة و كان فى الجملة صفة نستخدم:- الصفة +V.To.Be  + الفاعل
Ex: A good girl.         The girl is good.
ë يمكن استخدام (can / may / shall) بدلا من (will)
Ex: If it is fine we can go for a swim.
ë اذا جاء فى بداية الجملة (were / had / should) تعتبر مساوية لـ (If)
Ex: Were I in your place I would study well.
ë اذا طلب استخدام 'were' فى بداية الجملة و كان فى الجملة فعل اساسى نجعله فى المصدر مسبوقا بكلمة 'to' للحفاظ على المعنى.
Ex: If he had a lot of money he could travel abroad.  (Begin with: Were ...)
  Were he to have a lot of money he could travel abroad.
ë اذا جاءت If تربط بين جملتين فى الماضى البسيط نرفع الزمن فنستخدم الحالة الثالثة لـ If مع جعل الاثبات نفى و النفى اثبات :
Ex: Samy didn't receive his friend at the airport because he was ill. (Use: If)
If Samy had not been ill, he would have received his friend at the airport.
ë اذا جاءت If تربط بين جملتين فى المضارع البسيط نرفع الزمن فنستخدم الحالة الثانية لـIf  مع جعل الاثبات نفى و النفى اثبات و اذا جاء فى الجملة اسم نبدأ به الجملة ما عدا الحقائق تظل فى زمن المضارع بدون تغيير:
Ex: Sara writes a bad letter. She got low marks.
  If Sara didn't write a bad letter she would not get low marks.

ä كلمة 'Unless' مساوية لـ 'If not'  بمعنى اذا لم و نطبق نفس قاعدة 'If'.
Will / Shall + Inf.                                                  Unless                  مضارع بسيط
Would / Should + Inf.                                        Unless                  ماضى بسيط
Would have / should have + P.p.                      Unless                     ماضى تام
مضارع بسيط                                                            Unless                     مضارع بسيط

Ex: Unless he plays well, he will lose the match.
      Unless he helped me, I would be angry.

& Exercise:-

@ Do as shown in the brackets:-
1-    If he won the match he would have a prize.  (Use: unless)
2-    Without blood banks, many wounded persons would die.  (Use: if)
3-    If he answered this question, he would succeed.  (Use: unless)
4-    He is careless. He makes accident.  (Join with: if)
5-    He is ill. He goes to school.  (Join with: unless)

Saturday, April 30, 2011

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