هناك عدة حالات لتحويل الجملة الى النفى :-
ÿ اولا فى حالة وجود فعل مساعد : نضع 'not' بعد الفعل المساعد.
Ex: She is here.
→ She is not here.
ÿ ثانيا فى حالة عدم وجود فعل مساعد :-
D اذا جاء الفعل المضارع بدون 's' نستخدم
Do not + المصدر
Ex: They play football.
→ They don't play football.
D اذا جاء الفعل المضارع منتهى بـ 's' نستخدم
Does not + المصدر
Ex: He plays football.
→ He doesn't play football.
D اما اذا جاء الفعل فى الماضى نستخدم
Did not +المصدر
Ex: He played football.
→ He didn't play football.
B اذا جاء فعل 'have' فعل رئيسى فى الجملة بمعنى يملك، يعامل معاملة الفعل العادى.
Ex: He has a car.
→ He doesn't have a car.
Ex: They have a car.
→ They don't have a car.
Ex: He had a car.
→ He didn't have a car.
B اذا جاء فعل 'do' فعل رئيسى بمعنى يفعل، يعامل معاملة الفعل العادى.
Ex: He does his duty.
→ He doesn't do his duty.
Ex: They do their duties.
→ They don't do their duties.
Ex: He did his duty.
→ He didn't do his duty.
ÿثالثا هناك حالات شاذة تحول كالاتى :-
1- Some → No / Not any.
a) He gave me some money.
→ He didn't give me any money.
→ He gave me no money.
b) There is something in the desk.
→ There is no thing in the desk.
→ There isn't any thing in the desk.
c) There is somebody (someone) in the room.
→ There is nobody (no one) in the room.
→ There isn't anybody (anyone) in the room.
d) He went somewhere.
→ He went no where.
→ He didn't go anywhere.
2- Sometimes / some day / always / Often → Never.
a) He sometimes plays in the street.
→ He never plays in the street.
b) He always comes late.
→ He never comes late.
3- Both.....and / Either......or → Neither ......nor.
a) Both the girl and her sister go to school.
→ Neither the girl nor her sister goes to school.
b) He is either a teacher or a doctor.
→ He is neither a teacher nor a doctor.
4- All → Not all / None of
Every → Not every / No
Each → Not each / No
a) All pupils are clever.
→ Not all pupils are clever.
→ None of pupils is (are) clever.
b) Every pupil is clever.
→ Not every pupil is clever.
→ No pupil is clever.
5- Everybody → No body.
Everyone → No one
Each one → Not anyone
Ex: Everybody came.
→ No body came.
6- Also / Too → Not ...either.
Ex: He helped his brother, also (too).
→ He didn't help his brother, either.
7- And → Or (اذا كان الفعلين لفاعل واحد)
Ex: He answered the exercise and gave it to the teacher.
→ He didn't answer the exercise or give it to the teacher.
تبقى 'and' كماهى فى حالة وجود فاعلين
Ex: He played football and his brother went to cinema.
→ He didn't play football and his brother didn't go to cinema.
8- And so → And neither / And nor / Not either
Ex: He sold his car and so his friend.
→ He didn't sell his car and neither did his friend.
→ He didn't sell his car and his friend didn't either.
9- Just / Already / Recently → Not yet.
Ex: He has already written his homework.
→ He hasn't written his homework yet.
→ He hasn't yet written his homework.
10- As...as → Not as (so).....as
Ex: She is as beautiful as her sister.
→ She is not as (so) beautiful as her sister.
11- فعل الامر
Ex: Write your name on the paper.
→ Don't write your name on the paper.
12- Must الزام → Needn't عدم الزام
Ex: He must take a taxi to arrive in time.
→ He needn't take a taxi to arrive in time.
13- Must be استنتاج → Can't be
Ex: He works for a long time, he must be tired.
→ He doesn't work for a long time, he can't be tired.
14- A lot of → Many اذا كان بعدها عدد
A lot of → Much اذا كان بعدها كمية او شئ معنوى
a) He has got a lot of books.
→ He hasn't got many books.
b) He has got a lot of money.
→ He hasn't got much money.
c) He has got a lot of freedom.
→ He hasn't got much freedom.
& Exercise:-
@ Choose the correct answer from these in brackets:-
1- An engineer knows about machines but teachers (doesn't / don't / aren't / are).
2- Neither of your answers (is / was / were / had) correct yesterday.
3- He (doesn't / didn't / hadn't / won't) go to school nor did his friend.
4- He didn't buy a car (also / either / neither / not any).
5- (No / None / Not / No one) of these medicines has done me much good.
@ Change in to negative:-
1- Both Samy and Ramy are late.
2- We saw somebody there.
3- Pay attention to what he says.
4- He as clever as his brother.
5- He went to the club and played tennis.
