The Past Perfect Tense زمن الماضي التام


يستخدم زمن الماضي التام ليعبر عن فعل تم في الماضي قبل حدوث فعل ماضي أخر.

يتكون الماضي التام من "had + P.p." .
Ex: He had gone.
ياتى هذا الزمن مع :
After, before, no sooner......than, hardly (scarcely)......when.
Ex: Hardly had he returned when he was asked to travel again.
      No sooner had he returned than he was asked to travel again.

أهم علامات هذا الزمن 'after / before' .

ماضي بسيط after ماضي تام

ماضي تام before ماضي بسيط

Ex: He met me after he had finished work.
      He had finished work before he met me.
      After he had eaten lunch he slept.
      Before he slept he had eaten lunch.

إذا جاء في الجملة 'after / before' و لم يأتي بعدها فاعل نضع 'V. + ing' أو اسم.
Ex: After making a mistake he corrected it.
      He had made a mistake before correcting it.

إذا جاء في الجملة كلمة 'that' بمفردها اى لا يوجد اى كلمة زمن أخرى تعتبر مساوية لـ'after'.
Ex: He told me that he had passed the exam.

إذا جاء في الجملة كلمة 'by the time' تعتبر مساوية لـ 'before' و نطبق نفس القاعدة.
Ex: By the time he was five, he had learned to read and write.

كلمتي 'till / until' توضعا بين الجملتين و لهما زمنان يتوقف على الفعل قبلهما:-
1-    إذا جاء قبلها فعل يدل على الماضي البسيط يكون الفعل بعدها ماضي تام.
Ex: He didn't watch T.V. until he had done his homework.
2-    إذا جاء قبلها فعل يدل على المستقبل يكون الفعل بعدها مضارع بسيط أو مضارع تام.
Ex: He won't see me till he finishes / has finished his work.

Saturday, April 30, 2011

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