Word order in the sentence ترتيب الجملة التامة

Subject فاعل → Verb فعل → Object مفعول → Manner حال → Place ظرف مكان → Time ظرف زمان.

Ex: Samy ate an apple greedily at home yesterday.

÷ ظرف الزمان قد يأتي في بداية الجملة .

Ex: Yesterday Samy ate an apple greedily at home.

÷ ياتى الترتيب السابق في كل جملة حتى لو قل عدد العناصر :-

Ex: He opened the door quietly.

Ex: He helps me.

& Exercise:-

Rearrange the following:-

1- ate – he – last week – an orange – greedily – in the school.

2-cooks – well – she – food – everyday – in the kitchen.

3- in the club – football – Ramy – yesterday – played – well.

4- yesterday – played –in the garden – the children – quietly – football.

The simple sentence: -    الجملة البسيطة

 

÷ الجملة البسيطة هي كل جمله بها فعل واحد اساسى ( غير مساعد).

Ex: Ramy helps us.

# هناك عدة طرق لنربط جملتين أو أكثر لكي نكون جمله واحدة بسيطة.

# By using the adjective: - باستخدام الصفة

Ex: She bought a dress. It was nice.

→ She bought a nice dress.

ó الصفة تصف الاسم و تأتى قبله فإذا جاء في الجملة صفة تصف المفعول توضع قبله.

Ex: He is a man good. Q

      He is a good man. R

ó إذا جاء للمفعول صفتين توضعا قبله أيضا:-

Ex: I have a friend. He is good. He is clever.

☞  I have a good clever friend. R

☞  I have a good and clever friend. R

☞  I have a good and a clever friend. Q

óلاحظ المثال الأتي :-

1 → We have a black and white dog.

2 → We have a black and a white dog.

ä The first sentence means one coloured dog. The second means two dogs, one is black and the other is white.

# By using the infinitive باستخدام المصدر  

Ex: She is clever. She can help me.

→  She is clever enough to help me.

Ex: He is very bad. He can't help me.

→   He is too bad to help me.

ë إذا جاء في الجملة صفة للفاعل نستخدم:-

في الإثبات  E Adj.  صفه + enough to + Inf.مصدر

في النفي E too + Adj. + to + Inf.

تحذف كلمة (very / so / quite ) لأنها مساوية لـ (enough / too  ) .

ë أما إذا اختلف الفاعلان فإما الطريقة الأولى أو:-

في الإثبات  C Adj. + enough + for + فاعل (2) في صورة مفعول + to + Inf.

في النفي  C too + Adj. + for + فاعل (2) في صورة مفعول + to + Inf.

ë يجب تحويل الضمائر أما الأسماء فتبقى كما هي بدون تغيير:-

- I → for me                - He → for him                 - She → for her

- You → for you          - We → for us                   - They → for them

Ex: The bag is light. She can carry it.

→ The bag is light enough to carry.

→ The bag is light enough for her to carry.

Ex: The tea is very hot. I can't drink it.

→ The tea is too hot to drink.

→ The tea is too hot for me to drink.

ëأما إذا جاء في الجملة الثانية كلمة ( want to ) تحذف و نضع مكانها:-

To

So as to                               + Inf.

In order to

Ex: He studied hard. He wanted to succeed.

→  He studied hard to succeed.

ëأما في النفي نستخدم :-

Not to

So as not to                        + Inf.

In order not to

Ex: He ran fast. He didn't want to miss the train.

→  He ran fast in order not to miss the train.

 

# By using the gerund (V. + ing) باستخدام اسم الفاعل   

Ex: She heard the news. She slept.

→ Hearing the news she slept.

→ On hearing the news she slept.

óلاستخدامها نتبع الاتى :-

V. + ing → باقي الجملة

On + V. + ing → باقي الجملة

·        الفعل الأول يعود إلى المصدر ثم نضيف ing و يوضع في بداية الجملة

·        إذا جاء في الجملة اسم علم يحذف الضمير و يوضع الاسم مكانه

Ex: Ramy helped us. He left.

→ Helping us Ramy left.

→ On helping us Ramy left.

# By using a preposition:-  

باستخدام حرف الجر 'at' مع ظرف الزمان و المكان :-

Ex: He met me. It was five O'clock.

→  He met me at five O'clock.

Ex: I helped her. She was at home.

 → I helped her at home.

& Exercise:-

Make a simple sentence:-

1-    I can't reach this shelf. It is very high.

2-    This car is expensive. He can't buy it.

3-    This wall is low. Fatma can climb it.

4-    She bought a car. It is old

5-    He obeyed his father and studied. He didn't want to be punished.

6-    He finished work. He left.

7-    I found the door locked. I went into the kitchen.

8-    I met her. She was at home.